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Mareth, a town in the Gabès Governorate of Tunisia, occupies a strategic yet challenging geographical position. Located at approximately 33.6333°N, 10.3000°E, the town sits inland, roughly 20 kilometers from the Mediterranean Sea, but is significantly influenced by its proximity to the coastal plains and the arid landscapes further south. The terrain is characterized by a gentle slope rising from the coastal region, transitioning into the pre-Saharan zones. This location within a transitional zone impacts air quality; dust storms originating in the Sahara are a frequent occurrence, carrying particulate matter northward. Gabès itself is known for its phosphate processing industry, and while Mareth isn’t directly within the heaviest industrial belt, regional emissions contribute to background pollution levels. Surrounding Mareth are extensive olive groves and agricultural lands, which, while beneficial for the local economy, can contribute to seasonal particulate matter from agricultural practices like burning. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural areas immediately surrounding the town, quickly giving way to more sparsely populated, arid regions. This limited dispersion capacity can exacerbate pollution episodes when local sources are active. The town’s elevation, though modest, influences local wind patterns and the potential for temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground.

Mareth’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern, heavily influenced by meteorological conditions and agricultural cycles. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement after the winter, but is often punctuated by *sirocco* winds bringing Saharan dust, leading to increased particulate matter. Summer (June-August) is typically the clearest period, with prevailing northerly winds dispersing pollutants and high temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing. However, heatwaves can create stagnant air conditions. Autumn (September-November) marks a deterioration in air quality. The olive harvest season begins, and traditional post-harvest burning of olive tree remnants releases significant smoke and particulate matter, impacting respiratory health. This is often coupled with the onset of temperature inversions, trapping pollutants. Winter (December-February) is generally characterized by cooler temperatures and increased humidity, potentially leading to fog formation which can trap pollutants. Sensitive individuals, including those with asthma or cardiovascular conditions, should be particularly cautious during autumn and winter. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity during peak burning periods in autumn and on still, foggy winter days is advisable. Monitoring local conditions and staying indoors when pollution is noticeable is crucial for protecting respiratory health throughout the year.