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Seyhan, situated within Turkey's Adana Province in West Asia, occupies a strategic position on the fertile Çukurova Plain along the banks of the Seyhan River, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea approximately 50 kilometers to the south. This urban center, with coordinates at 36.9831°N, 35.3328°E, lies at a modest elevation of around 23 meters above sea level, nestled between the Taurus Mountains to the north and northwest and the Mediterranean coastline to the south. The city's geography profoundly influences its air quality through a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Seyhan is part of Adana's metropolitan area, Turkey's fifth-largest urban agglomeration, characterized by dense urban development that merges into extensive agricultural zones—primarily cotton, citrus, and wheat fields—creating a distinct urban–rural gradient. Proximity to the Mediterranean Sea moderates temperatures but also contributes to humidity, which can trap pollutants. The surrounding Taurus Mountains act as a partial barrier to northerly winds, occasionally leading to stagnant air conditions, especially during winter. Industrial activities, including textile manufacturing and food processing, are concentrated in the city's periphery, while general urban sources like vehicle emissions from its population of nearly 800,000 add to the pollution burden. The flat terrain of the Çukurova Plain facilitates pollutant dispersion under windy conditions but can exacerbate accumulation during calm periods, making Seyhan's air quality highly sensitive to local meteorological patterns.

In Seyhan, air quality fluctuates seasonally due to a blend of meteorological conditions and human activities, with pollution typically peaking in winter and summer. During winter (December to February), cooler temperatures and frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants near the surface, compounded by increased heating emissions from residential areas. Calm winds and occasional fog further reduce dispersion, making these months the least favorable for outdoor activities, especially for sensitive groups like children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions. Spring (March to May) brings relief as rising temperatures and more frequent winds from the Mediterranean help clear the air, though pollen from agricultural fields can temporarily affect allergy sufferers. Summer (June to August) sees high temperatures and intense sunlight driving ozone formation, while agricultural burning and dust from dry fields may spike particulate levels, particularly in July and August. Autumn (September to November) offers the best air quality, with mild temperatures, consistent breezes, and reduced industrial activity, making it ideal for outdoor pursuits. Throughout the year, sensitive individuals should monitor local air quality reports, limit exertion during peak pollution periods, and use air purifiers indoors when necessary. Avoiding heavy traffic areas and staying hydrated during hot months can also mitigate health risks.