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Acarlar, nestled within Aydın Province in southwestern Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 37.8244° N, 27.7467° E. The town’s location is characterized by a gently sloping terrain, part of the larger Meander Plain, a fertile alluvial plain formed by the historical course of the Meander River. This plain is bordered by the foothills of the Pindus Mountains to the north, creating a microclimate influenced by both maritime and orographic factors. Acarlar’s elevation is relatively low, averaging around 45 meters above sea level, contributing to a tendency for stagnant air conditions, particularly during periods of calm weather. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive olive groves, citrus orchards, and vegetable farms dominating the rural areas. This intensive agricultural activity, while economically vital, can contribute to localized air pollution through the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and the burning of crop residues, especially during harvest seasons. The urban–rural gradient is gradual, with small villages and agricultural fields seamlessly blending into Acarlar’s built environment. While not directly adjacent to a major body of water, the proximity to the Aegean Sea (approximately 30km) introduces a maritime influence, moderating temperatures and occasionally providing ventilation, though sea breezes can also carry pollutants from coastal industrial areas. The region lacks large-scale heavy industry, but the presence of smaller processing plants related to agriculture and textiles can contribute to localized emissions.

Acarlar’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by Mediterranean climate patterns. Summers (June-August) are typically hot and dry, characterized by prolonged periods of sunshine and minimal rainfall. This often leads to temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, preventing the vertical dispersion of pollutants. Agricultural burning, a common practice for land clearing and residue disposal, exacerbates this issue, creating hazy conditions and potentially impacting respiratory health. Autumn (September-November) brings a slight improvement as temperatures cool and rainfall increases, aiding in pollutant washout. However, the harvest season continues to contribute to localized emissions. Winters (December-February) are generally mild and wet, with frequent rainfall and occasional fog. The increased precipitation helps to cleanse the atmosphere, leading to improved air quality. Fog, however, can trap pollutants near the ground, creating localized pockets of poor air quality, particularly in the mornings. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual warming trend and increased wind speeds, which generally promote better air quality. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the summer months, limiting outdoor activities during peak pollution periods. Avoiding agricultural areas during burning season is also advisable. The transition months of spring and autumn offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor recreation, though vigilance regarding agricultural practices remains important.