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Mezitli, a coastal district of Mersin Province in southern Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position along the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Located at coordinates 36.7500, 34.5333, the city benefits from a temperate climate but faces unique air quality challenges stemming from its location. The terrain is a blend of coastal plains and gently rising hills, transitioning into the Taurus Mountains further inland. This proximity to the sea moderates temperatures but also creates conditions conducive to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants. Mersin, as a major port city, experiences substantial industrial activity concentrated around the coastline, including shipping, manufacturing, and energy production. Surrounding Mezitli are extensive agricultural lands, particularly citrus groves and vegetable farms, contributing to seasonal biomass burning and pesticide drift. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural areas immediately bordering the city limits. Prevailing winds generally flow from the north and northeast, carrying pollutants from inland sources towards the coast, though sea breezes can offer temporary relief. The city’s growth, coupled with increasing traffic volume, exacerbates localized pollution hotspots, particularly along major roadways and in densely populated residential areas. Understanding these geographical factors is crucial for effective air quality management in Mezitli.

Mezitli’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement after the winter, but agricultural burning for land preparation can temporarily elevate particulate matter. Summer (June-August) typically offers the cleanest air, driven by consistent sea breezes dispersing pollutants and higher temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing. However, intense heat can also contribute to ground-level ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) marks a deterioration in air quality as heating systems are activated and atmospheric stability increases, leading to temperature inversions that trap pollutants. This is often the most challenging period. Winter (December-February) experiences the poorest air quality, characterized by frequent temperature inversions, reduced wind speeds, and increased reliance on fossil fuels for heating. Fog, common during winter months, further exacerbates particulate matter concentrations. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor exertion during autumn and winter. Months to favour for outdoor activity are June, July, and August. Monitoring wind direction is key; onshore winds can bring marine aerosols, while offshore winds may transport pollutants from inland. Staying informed about local weather patterns and air quality forecasts is vital for protecting public health.