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Chernihiv, situated in northern Ukraine's Chernihivska Oblast, occupies a strategic position along the Desna River, approximately 150 kilometers northeast of Kyiv. This historic city, one of Ukraine's oldest settlements, lies within the Dnieper Lowland at an elevation of roughly 130 meters above sea level, characterized by gently rolling plains interspersed with river valleys and mixed forests. The urban core, with its preserved medieval architecture, transitions gradually into suburban and rural landscapes dominated by agricultural fields—primarily grain crops and sunflowers—creating a distinct urban–rural gradient. Chernihiv's location in a relatively flat terrain, devoid of significant mountain barriers, allows for moderate air dispersion, though its position within Eastern Europe's continental climate zone subjects it to temperature inversions, particularly in winter. The Desna River, flowing southward, provides some local humidity but minimal maritime influence, as the city lies far from major seas. While Chernihiv lacks heavy industrial belts like those in eastern Ukraine, it features typical urban pollution sources: vehicular emissions, residential heating (often reliant on natural gas and some solid fuels), and small-scale manufacturing. Surrounding agricultural activities occasionally contribute particulate matter during planting and harvesting seasons. The city's proximity to Belarus (about 50 kilometers north) and its role as a regional transport hub for routes connecting Ukraine with Russia and Belarus can influence transboundary pollution, especially during periods of westerly winds. Overall, Chernihiv's geography fosters generally moderate air quality, with localized peaks driven by meteorological conditions and seasonal human activities.

In Chernihiv, air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern shaped by its continental climate. Winter (December–February) often sees the poorest conditions, as cold, stagnant air leads to frequent temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground. Emissions from residential heating—primarily natural gas but occasionally coal or wood in older buildings—combine with vehicle exhaust, creating hazy episodes, particularly in January and February. Sensitive groups, such as those with respiratory issues, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion during these months and monitor local air quality reports. Spring (March–May) brings gradual improvement, with increasing winds and precipitation helping to disperse pollutants, though March can still experience residual winter stagnation. By late spring, air quality is generally favourable, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities. Summer (June–August) offers the cleanest air, as warm temperatures and convective breezes enhance dispersion, while vegetation absorbs some pollutants; however, occasional heatwaves in July or August can elevate ground-level ozone from vehicle emissions, prompting caution for asthmatics during midday hours. Autumn (September–November) sees a gradual decline, with cooling temperatures and reduced winds sometimes leading to foggy, stagnant conditions by November, similar to early winter patterns. Throughout the year, wind direction—often from the west or northwest—can carry agricultural dust or transboundary pollution, but Chernihiv lacks monsoonal influences. For health-conscious visitors, late spring through early autumn provides the most reliable periods for outdoor pursuits, while winter requires vigilance, especially for vulnerable populations.