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Nosivka, situated in the Chernihivska Oblast of northern Ukraine (50.9300° N, 31.5806° E), occupies a geographically significant position within the broader Polesia lowlands. The town’s terrain is gently undulating, characterized by fertile black soil (chernozem) indicative of its historical agricultural importance. Elevation averages around 130 meters above sea level, contributing to a relatively stable atmospheric layer, though susceptible to temperature inversions under specific weather conditions. Nosivka lies approximately 150 kilometers northeast of Kyiv, placing it within a transitional zone between the urban influence of the capital and the more rural agricultural landscape of the Chernihiv region. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields of wheat, barley, and sunflowers dominating the view. While not directly adjacent to a major river, Nosivka benefits from proximity to smaller tributaries of the Desna River, influencing local humidity and potentially affecting pollutant dispersion. The urban–rural gradient is gradual; the town itself is a modest settlement, transitioning quickly into agricultural fields and scattered villages. This proximity to intensive agriculture means that seasonal burning of crop residues, a traditional practice, can contribute to localized air pollution episodes. Furthermore, the region's location within the East European Plain exposes it to air masses originating from both Western Europe and Russia, potentially carrying pollutants from distant sources. The relatively flat topography limits natural ventilation, which can exacerbate the build-up of pollutants during periods of stagnant air.

Nosivka’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by its climate and surrounding land use. Spring (March-May) often brings a noticeable improvement as melting snow and increased rainfall help to cleanse the atmosphere. However, agricultural activities, including the application of fertilizers and pesticides, can introduce localized pollutants. Summer (June-August) is generally the most pleasant period, with prevailing winds dispersing pollutants, though heatwaves can lead to stagnant air and increased ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) presents the most significant air quality challenges. The burning of crop residues after harvest, a common agricultural practice, releases substantial particulate matter and other pollutants, creating periods of reduced visibility and elevated air pollution. Temperature inversions, frequently occurring during clear, calm autumn nights, trap pollutants near the ground, intensifying their impact. Winter (December-February) brings cold temperatures and frequent fog, which further restricts pollutant dispersion and can lead to prolonged periods of poor air quality. The combination of low temperatures and stagnant air can exacerbate respiratory issues. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during periods of fog and calm weather, particularly in autumn and winter. During the harvest season, it’s advisable to avoid prolonged exposure near agricultural fields and to monitor local air quality reports for alerts regarding elevated particulate matter.