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Pershotravens’k, nestled within Ukraine’s Dnipropetrovska Oblast, occupies a geographically significant position on the banks of the Samara River, a tributary of the Dnipro. The city’s coordinates (48.3475, 36.4017) place it within the broader Dnieper Lowland, a relatively flat, fertile plain characterized by gently undulating terrain. Elevation is modest, generally below 150 meters, contributing to limited natural dispersion of pollutants. Historically, the area was part of the Wild Fields, transitioning to agricultural land and then becoming a focal point for industrial development during the Soviet era. This legacy is crucial to understanding current air quality. Pershotravens’k is surrounded by agricultural zones, primarily cultivating grains and sunflowers, with potential for dust and pesticide drift. The city itself is a compact urban centre, exhibiting a typical post-Soviet urban structure with concentrated industrial areas. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly to open farmland. The Samara River, while providing a water resource, can also act as a conduit for pollutant transport, particularly during periods of low flow. The prevailing winds, generally from the northwest, can carry pollutants from regional industrial sources towards the city, exacerbating local emissions. This confluence of factors – flat terrain, riverine influence, industrial history, and agricultural surroundings – defines Pershotravens’k’s unique air quality challenges.

Air quality in Pershotravens’k follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) often sees a temporary improvement as rainfall washes away accumulated winter pollutants, but agricultural activities begin, introducing dust and potential pesticide drift. Summer (June-August) typically experiences higher ozone levels due to increased sunlight and warmer temperatures, reacting with existing nitrogen oxides from industrial and vehicular sources. Stagnant air masses and temperature inversions, common during these months, trap pollutants near the ground. Autumn (September-November) is often the most challenging period. The burning of agricultural waste, combined with the onset of heating season and associated coal combustion, leads to a significant increase in particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and sulfur dioxide. November is particularly problematic. Winter (December-February) brings cold temperatures and increased reliance on coal for heating, resulting in consistently elevated levels of particulate matter and carbon monoxide. Fog, a frequent occurrence, further exacerbates pollution by trapping pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during November and December. Avoiding peak hours near industrial zones and agricultural burning is advisable. Monitoring local conditions and heeding health advisories is crucial throughout the year.