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Ternivka, situated in the Dnipropetrovska Oblast of Ukraine, occupies a geographically significant position within the broader Central Ukrainian Upland. Located at approximately 48.5167° N, 36.0000° E, the city’s terrain is characterized by gently rolling hills, typical of the region's loessial plains. The elevation averages around 130 meters above sea level, influencing local wind patterns and atmospheric mixing. Ternivka’s proximity to the Dnipro River, though not directly on its banks, is crucial; the river acts as a regional moisture source and can influence humidity levels, impacting pollutant dispersion. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive fields of wheat, barley, and sunflowers dominating the rural areas. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, contributes to seasonal particulate matter (PM) pollution, particularly during harvest periods. To the west, the industrial belt of Dnipro, a major urban center, exerts an indirect influence, occasionally transporting pollutants eastward. The urban-rural gradient around Ternivka is relatively gradual, with smaller villages and agricultural land seamlessly blending into the city’s periphery. The city itself exhibits a moderate urban character, with a mix of residential areas, local businesses, and limited industrial activity, primarily focused on food processing and agricultural services. The prevailing winds generally flow from the northwest, impacting the city’s air quality by carrying pollutants from both agricultural and industrial sources. The relatively flat terrain can also exacerbate the effects of temperature inversions, trapping pollutants closer to the ground during certain times of the year.

Ternivka’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions and regional activities. Spring (March-May) often sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated winter pollutants. However, agricultural activities, including fertilizer application, can introduce ammonia and other reactive gases. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with consistent winds and higher mixing heights effectively diluting pollutants. Heatwaves, though, can lead to stagnant air and increased ozone formation. Autumn (September-November) presents the most significant air quality challenges. Harvest season brings increased dust and particulate matter from agricultural fields, combined with the potential for crop residue burning, a traditional practice that releases significant amounts of smoke and pollutants. Temperature inversions are also more frequent during autumn evenings, trapping pollutants near the ground. Winter (December-February) is characterized by cold, stable air and frequent fog, which severely restricts atmospheric mixing and leads to pollutant accumulation. The lack of wind and the prevalence of temperature inversions create conditions ripe for elevated pollution levels. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during these periods, particularly on days with dense fog or temperature inversions. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial. During harvest season, wearing a properly fitted mask can reduce exposure to particulate matter.