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Novyi Rozdil, nestled within Lvivska Oblast in western Ukraine, occupies a geographically interesting position in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. Situated at coordinates 49.4697, 24.1367, the city’s terrain is gently undulating, transitioning from the higher elevations towards the flatter plains further east. This location influences air quality significantly. The surrounding landscape is a mix of forested areas, particularly to the south and east, and agricultural land, primarily used for crop cultivation. The Stryi River flows nearby, though not directly through the city centre, offering some limited natural ventilation. Historically, Novyi Rozdil developed as a coal mining town, and while activity has shifted, the legacy of industrial activity remains a key factor in local air quality. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; the city itself is compact, with a noticeable decrease in population density and infrastructure as one moves outwards into the surrounding countryside. Prevailing winds, often from the west, can carry pollutants from regional sources, while local topography can create pockets of stagnant air, exacerbating pollution episodes. The city’s elevation, around 330 meters, contributes to cooler temperatures and potential for temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground.

Air quality in Novyi Rozdil exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from November to February, typically sees the poorest air quality. Reduced sunlight hours and stable, cold air masses promote temperature inversions, trapping emissions from residential heating – primarily coal and wood – close to the ground. Snow cover reflects pollutants, further concentrating them. Spring, March to May, brings some improvement as temperatures rise and winds become more frequent, dispersing pollutants. However, agricultural burning of stubble after the winter harvest can create localised spikes in particulate matter. Summer, June to August, generally offers the cleanest air, with higher temperatures, increased wind speeds, and rainfall washing away pollutants. However, periods of prolonged heat and calm conditions can still lead to stagnation. Autumn, September to October, sees a gradual deterioration as heating systems are reactivated and atmospheric stability increases. Fog is common during autumn mornings, trapping pollutants. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and autumn months. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; westerly winds may bring pollutants from wider regional sources. Avoiding peak heating hours in the early morning and evening can also reduce exposure.