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Novohrad-Volynskyi, situated in the Zhytomyrska Oblast of Ukraine at approximately 50.5833°N, 27.6333°E, occupies a gently undulating landscape within the Polesian Lowland. The city’s terrain is characterised by low hills and broad, shallow valleys, typical of glacial deposition. This relatively flat topography, at an elevation of around 200-220 meters, doesn’t promote significant natural air dispersion. The city is bisected by the Sluch River, a tributary of the Styr, which provides some localised humidity but doesn’t offer substantial flushing of pollutants. Surrounding Novohrad-Volynskyi is a predominantly agricultural zone, with extensive fields of grain and potatoes, interspersed with patches of forest – remnants of the larger Polesian forests. To the east lies a historical industrial belt, though its current activity levels are variable. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; the city itself is compact, transitioning quickly to open farmland. This proximity to agricultural practices introduces potential for particulate matter from soil disturbance and seasonal burning of agricultural waste. The prevailing winds, generally from the west, can carry pollutants from regional sources, while local wind patterns are often influenced by the river valley and surrounding forests, creating pockets of stagnant air. This geographical setting directly impacts air quality, limiting dispersion and concentrating emissions.

Novohrad-Volynskyi experiences a continental climate, resulting in distinct seasonal air quality patterns. Spring (March-May) sees a rise in particulate matter due to agricultural burning and dust from thawing ground, exacerbated by occasional temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the surface. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with higher temperatures promoting dispersion and rainfall acting as a natural scrubber, though localised ozone formation can occur during prolonged sunny periods. However, wildfires in surrounding areas can significantly degrade air quality. Autumn (September-November) brings a return of stagnant air masses and increased heating demand, leading to higher concentrations of smoke and particulate matter from coal and wood burning. November is often the most polluted month. Winter (December-February) is characterised by low temperatures, snow cover, and frequent temperature inversions, trapping pollutants from domestic heating sources. Fog is common, further reducing visibility and exacerbating respiratory issues. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions – should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter, particularly on calm, cold days. Springtime agricultural practices also warrant caution. Monitoring wind direction and avoiding activity near agricultural fields during burning is advisable.