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Conway, South Carolina, occupies a geographically significant position within the coastal plain of the southeastern United States. Situated at approximately 33.84°N, 79.04°W, the city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the low-lying coastal landscape. Its elevation averages around 50 feet above sea level, contributing to a relatively stable atmospheric boundary layer, which can sometimes trap pollutants. Conway lies within the Pee Dee River basin, close to the Waccamaw River, providing a crucial water resource and influencing local humidity levels. The surrounding landscape is a blend of agricultural land – primarily timber and crops like soybeans and corn – and interspersed pockets of pine forests, typical of the region’s rural character. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, can contribute to seasonal particulate matter emissions. The urban–rural gradient around Conway is gradual; the city serves as a regional hub for Horry County, experiencing steady residential and commercial expansion. It’s located approximately 20 miles inland from the Atlantic coast, mitigating direct coastal influences like sea salt spray but still susceptible to weather systems originating over the ocean. While not directly adjacent to major industrial belts, Conway’s proximity to Myrtle Beach and the broader Grand Strand region means it can be affected by pollution transported from those areas. The relatively flat topography and limited natural barriers can facilitate the advection of pollutants, particularly during periods of light winds. The climate, classified as humid subtropical, further influences air quality through temperature and humidity-dependent chemical reactions.

Conway’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its humid subtropical climate. Spring (March-May) often sees elevated pollen levels, impacting respiratory health and contributing to particulate matter concentrations. The warming temperatures and increased sunlight trigger plant growth, releasing significant amounts of pollen into the atmosphere. Summer (June-August) is generally characterized by higher temperatures and humidity, which can exacerbate ground-level ozone formation, although afternoon thunderstorms often provide temporary relief by dispersing pollutants. The frequent convective activity can also lead to localized fog events, trapping pollutants near the surface. Autumn (September-November) typically brings a slight improvement in air quality as pollen levels decrease and temperatures cool. However, agricultural burning, a common practice in the region for land clearing and crop residue disposal, can introduce significant particulate matter into the air during this period. Winter (December-February) often presents the most challenging air quality conditions. Cold, clear nights frequently lead to temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air sits above cooler air near the ground, preventing vertical mixing and trapping pollutants. Fog is also more prevalent during winter months, further exacerbating this effect. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor exertion during stagnant air periods, particularly in the mornings during winter and on days with agricultural burning. Staying informed about local weather forecasts and air quality reports is crucial for making informed decisions about outdoor activities throughout the year.