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Oued Taria, nestled within the Mascara State of Algeria, occupies a geographically significant position in the northwestern region of the country. Located at approximately 35.1167° latitude and 0.0833° longitude, the city’s coordinates place it within a relatively flat, semi-arid landscape characteristic of the Tell Atlas foothills. The surrounding terrain is predominantly agricultural, with extensive olive groves and cereal fields defining the rural backdrop. This proximity to agricultural zones introduces potential sources of particulate matter, particularly during harvest seasons when soil disturbance and agricultural burning can occur. The ‘Oued’ in the city’s name refers to a watercourse, indicating the presence of a seasonal river or stream, though its flow is likely intermittent given the arid climate. Elevation is relatively low, contributing to potential temperature inversions, especially during cooler months, which can trap pollutants near the ground. While not directly coastal, Oued Taria is within a reasonable distance of the Mediterranean Sea, approximately 80km, meaning that sea breezes can influence local wind patterns and, occasionally, transport marine aerosols. The urban–rural gradient is gradual, with the city blending into the agricultural landscape, suggesting a relatively low population density and limited industrial activity within the immediate vicinity. Larger industrial belts are likely situated further afield, potentially impacting air quality through long-range transport of pollutants. The overall geographic setting suggests a vulnerability to dust storms originating from the Sahara, a common occurrence in this part of Algeria, which significantly degrades air quality.

Oued Taria’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by its Mediterranean climate and regional weather patterns. Spring (March-May) typically sees a gradual improvement in air quality as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing accumulated pollutants. However, dust storms from the Sahara remain a risk during this period, capable of rapidly degrading air quality. Summer (June-August) is generally the cleanest season, characterized by hot, dry conditions and consistent, albeit often light, winds that help to ventilate the atmosphere. The intense heat can, however, exacerbate ozone formation under certain conditions. Autumn (September-November) marks a transition period, with decreasing temperatures and a higher frequency of temperature inversions, particularly during the evenings and early mornings. These inversions trap pollutants, leading to periods of stagnant air and potentially poorer air quality. Winter (December-February) is often the most challenging season. Cold, stable air masses frequently settle over the region, creating persistent temperature inversions that trap pollutants close to the ground. Fog, a relatively common occurrence during winter, further reduces atmospheric mixing and exacerbates the problem. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during these periods, especially during early morning hours. Agricultural burning, if practiced, is most likely to occur during the autumn months, adding to the pollution burden. Overall, the months of December, January, and February present the greatest air quality challenges, while July and August generally offer the best conditions for outdoor activities.