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Tighenif, nestled within the Mascara province of Algeria, occupies a geographically significant position in the country’s northwest. Located at coordinates 35.4167°N, 0.3333°E, the city is situated on the High Plateaus, a region characterised by undulating plains and low hills. This plateau landscape, a continuation of the Tell Atlas mountain range, influences local wind patterns and contributes to a relatively stable atmospheric boundary layer. Tighenif’s elevation, approximately 800 meters above sea level, moderates temperatures but can also exacerbate pollution events through temperature inversions. The surrounding terrain is predominantly agricultural, with wheat and olive cultivation being prominent. While not directly on the coast, Tighenif is within reasonable proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, approximately 60km north, which introduces maritime influences on local weather. The urban-rural gradient is fairly sharp; the city itself is a concentrated hub, quickly transitioning to agricultural land. Industrial activity is limited within Tighenif itself, but regional industrial centres further east and along the coast can contribute to transboundary pollution. Dust from the Sahara Desert, carried by prevailing winds, is a recurring factor impacting air quality, particularly during the drier months. The city’s topography, combined with these regional factors, creates a unique microclimate influencing pollutant dispersion.

Air quality in Tighenif experiences a distinct seasonal rhythm. The summer months (June-August) often see a rise in ground-level ozone due to high temperatures and strong sunlight reacting with vehicle emissions and industrial byproducts from regional sources. Dry conditions exacerbate dust resuspension, further degrading air quality. Autumn (September-November) brings a temporary improvement as cooler temperatures reduce ozone formation and rainfall helps to cleanse the atmosphere. However, the onset of stable high-pressure systems can trap pollutants, leading to localised smog. Winter (December-February) is typically the period of poorest air quality. Temperature inversions are frequent, trapping cold air and pollutants near the ground, and increased reliance on solid fuel for heating contributes to particulate matter concentrations. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds become more frequent, dispersing pollutants. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and periods of calm weather. Dust storms, common in spring, necessitate mask usage. Monitoring wind direction is crucial; winds from the east often carry pollutants from industrial areas. Avoiding peak traffic hours can also reduce exposure.