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Sidi Ali, nestled within the Mostaganem province of Algeria, occupies a strategically important coastal position on the Mediterranean Sea. Located at approximately 36.1047° latitude and 0.4233° longitude, the city’s geography is characterized by a gently sloping coastal plain transitioning into the Tell Atlas mountains to the south. This terrain influences local wind patterns and contributes to potential air quality challenges. Sidi Ali’s proximity to the Mediterranean exerts a moderating influence on the climate, but also introduces the risk of sea salt aerosol deposition, which can impact respiratory health. The surrounding landscape is a mix of agricultural land, primarily dedicated to olive groves and cereal cultivation, and increasingly, urban sprawl. To the west, the coastline extends, punctuated by small fishing villages and beaches. Eastward, the terrain rises more steeply towards the foothills of the Tell Atlas. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural activities gradually giving way to residential and commercial areas within the city limits. While Sidi Ali itself isn't a major industrial hub, it benefits from its location within the broader Mostaganem region, which includes industrial zones focused on petrochemicals and refining. These industries, though not directly within Sidi Ali, can contribute to regional air pollution episodes, particularly during periods of stagnant air. The relatively flat coastal plain can exacerbate the trapping of pollutants, especially when coupled with temperature inversions, a common meteorological phenomenon in this region. The city’s location, therefore, presents a complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors impacting air quality.

Sidi Ali’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its Mediterranean climate. The dry summer months (June-August) typically see the poorest air quality. High temperatures and minimal rainfall create stable atmospheric conditions, frequently leading to temperature inversions where a layer of warm air traps cooler air and pollutants near the ground. This stagnation significantly reduces air dispersion, allowing particulate matter and other pollutants to accumulate. Strong sunlight also promotes photochemical smog formation, further degrading air quality. Spring (March-May) and Autumn (September-November) generally offer improved conditions, with increased wind speeds and occasional rainfall helping to disperse pollutants. However, dust storms originating from the Sahara Desert can occasionally impact air quality during these transitional periods, particularly in March and April. Winter (December-February) is usually the most favourable season for air quality, with cooler temperatures, more frequent rainfall, and stronger winds. Fog, however, can occasionally form, trapping pollutants in localized areas. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the summer months, limiting outdoor activities during peak pollution periods, typically mid-morning and afternoon. During dust storm events, wearing a properly fitted mask is recommended. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also provide relief. Public health advisories are often issued during periods of elevated pollution, providing guidance on minimizing exposure and protecting vulnerable populations. The interplay of temperature, wind, and precipitation creates a dynamic air quality profile throughout the year in Sidi Ali.