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Binəqədi, a district within the Baku metropolitan area of Azerbaijan, occupies a geographically complex position on the Absheron Peninsula, jutting into the Caspian Sea. Situated at approximately 40.4758° N, 49.8222° E, the district’s terrain is characterized by a gently sloping plain transitioning to low hills, a typical feature of the peninsula’s landscape. Its proximity to the Caspian Sea, while offering a coastal breeze, also contributes to unique atmospheric conditions that can trap pollutants. The surrounding landscape is a mix of urban development, agricultural land (particularly fruit orchards and vegetable farms), and patches of semi-arid steppe. Baku itself, a major industrial and port city, lies to the northeast, forming a significant urban-industrial belt that influences Binəqədi’s air quality. To the west, the landscape gradually shifts towards more rural areas and the coastline. The elevation is relatively low, generally below 50 meters above sea level, which limits atmospheric dispersion and can exacerbate the effects of temperature inversions, particularly during cooler months. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with Binəqədi experiencing a blend of residential areas and light industrial activity. The Absheron Peninsula's geological composition, including sedimentary rocks, can also influence dust levels, especially during windy periods. The district’s location within a basin-like structure further restricts the movement of air, potentially leading to localized pollution accumulation. The presence of oil and gas infrastructure in the broader Baku region also represents a potential source of emissions impacting Binəqədi’s air quality.

Binəqədi’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the region’s climate. Winters (December-February) are typically characterized by cold temperatures and frequent temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, hindering pollutant dispersal. This often leads to periods of stagnant air and elevated concentrations of particulate matter and other pollutants. Fog, common during these months, further exacerbates the issue by reducing visibility and trapping emissions. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, aiding in the dispersion of pollutants. However, dust storms originating from the Central Asian deserts can occasionally impact air quality during this transition period. Summer (June-August) generally sees the best air quality due to strong, consistent winds from the Caspian Sea, which effectively flush out pollutants. However, heatwaves can sometimes lead to ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) marks a return to more challenging conditions as temperatures cool and wind patterns become less predictable. Agricultural burning, a traditional practice in surrounding rural areas, can also contribute to localized pollution episodes. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter months and be mindful of potential dust events in spring. Outdoor activities are generally most favorable during the summer months, but vigilance regarding ozone levels during heatwaves is advised. The interplay of these meteorological factors creates a dynamic air quality profile throughout the year.