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Maştağa occupies a strategic position on the Absheron Peninsula, serving as a transitional zone between the dense urban core of Baku and the more rural, agricultural hinterlands of Azerbaijan's capital region. Situated on a low-lying limestone plateau, the settlement is defined by its semi-arid landscape, where sparse vegetation struggles against a saline environment. Its proximity to the Caspian Sea is the primary driver of its atmospheric dynamics, as maritime breezes provide a critical ventilation mechanism that prevents the stagnation of pollutants. However, Maştağa sits within the broader industrial orbit of Baku, meaning it is frequently exposed to the drift of emissions from oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and the heavy traffic congestion of the surrounding arterial roads. The urban character is a hybrid of residential clusters and small-scale farming, creating a distinct urban–rural gradient that affects how particulate matter settles. Because the terrain is relatively flat with few natural barriers, the area is highly susceptible to the regional wind regimes, specifically the northern winds that can carry industrial smog from the city center. Conversely, the southern winds bring cleaner, humid air from the sea. The interplay between these wind directions and the surrounding salt flats creates a complex air quality profile where salinity and industrial aerosols merge. This geographic positioning ensures that while the area benefits from coastal air exchange, it remains vulnerable to the anthropogenic pressures of one of the Caucasus region's most intensive industrial corridors and hubs.

Air quality in Maştağa follows a cyclic pattern dictated by the highly volatile meteorology of the Absheron Peninsula. During winter, the region often experiences temperature inversions, where cold air becomes trapped near the ground, concentrating pollutants from domestic heating and vehicle exhausts. This makes January and February the most challenging months for respiratory health, as smog lingers in the absence of strong winds. As spring arrives, the atmosphere generally clears due to increased wind activity, though this period introduces airborne allergens and wind-blown dust from the surrounding arid plains. Summer brings a different set of challenges; intense solar radiation catalyzes the formation of ground-level ozone, while the extreme heat increases the volatility of organic compounds from nearby petrochemical sites. July and August are often characterized by high particulate matter from dry soil erosion, making outdoor activities taxing for sensitive groups. Autumn serves as a transitional phase, where the return of the "khazri" northern winds can either sweep the air clean or transport industrial emissions from Baku’s heartland into Maştağa. For those with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the winter stagnation and summer ozone peaks are the most critical periods for caution. To minimize exposure, residents are advised to monitor wind directions, favoring days with strong southerly breezes from the Caspian Sea. Overall, the seasonal narrative is one of constant tension between the cleansing power of the wind and the persistent pressure of regional industrialization.