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Yeni Suraxanı, a suburb of Baku, Azerbaijan, occupies a strategically important location within the Absheron Peninsula. Situated at approximately 40.43° N, 50.04° E and an elevation of roughly 25 meters above sea level, the city’s geography is intrinsically linked to the broader Caspian Sea coastal plain. The surrounding landscape is characterized by a gradual transition from urban development to semi-arid steppe, typical of Azerbaijan’s eastern regions. The proximity to the Caspian Sea, while offering some moderating influence on temperatures, also contributes to unique meteorological conditions impacting air quality. To the west, Baku’s sprawling industrial belt, including oil refineries and petrochemical plants, represents a significant source of potential pollutants. Eastward, agricultural lands, while generally less impactful, can contribute to particulate matter during planting and harvesting seasons. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with Yeni Suraxanı experiencing a blend of residential areas and light industrial activity. The terrain is predominantly flat, which can exacerbate the accumulation of pollutants, particularly during periods of low wind. The Absheron Peninsula’s geological composition, with sedimentary rocks and limited vegetation cover in surrounding areas, further influences the dispersion of airborne contaminants. The city’s position within the Baku metropolitan area means it is subject to regional pollution patterns, influenced by traffic congestion and industrial emissions from the capital city itself. The relatively low elevation and coastal location make it susceptible to sea breezes and fog, which can trap pollutants under certain atmospheric conditions.

Yeni Suraxanı’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by the region’s climate. Summers (June-August) are typically hot and dry, characterized by stagnant air and frequent temperature inversions. These inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, leading to periods of elevated particulate matter and potentially other gaseous pollutants originating from Baku’s industrial zones and vehicular traffic. The lack of rainfall during these months further compounds the issue, as there is minimal natural cleansing of the atmosphere. Autumn (September-November) brings a slight improvement as winds increase, dispersing pollutants more effectively. However, agricultural burning in surrounding areas can introduce localized spikes in particulate matter. Winters (December-February) are generally cooler and wetter, with occasional fog. While rainfall helps to clear the air, fog can trap pollutants, creating localized episodes of poor air quality, particularly in the mornings. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds become more consistent. The increased vegetation growth also contributes to air purification. The months of July and August are generally the most challenging for outdoor activity, particularly for vulnerable populations like children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions. During these periods, limiting strenuous outdoor exercise and avoiding areas with heavy traffic are advisable. Throughout the year, monitoring local weather conditions and being aware of potential pollution episodes is crucial for protecting respiratory health. Individuals with pre-existing respiratory illnesses should consult their healthcare providers for personalized advice.