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Degeh Bur, nestled within the Sumalē Zone of Ethiopia, occupies a geographically significant position in the eastern highlands. Located at approximately 8.2167° latitude and 43.5667° longitude, the city sits at an elevation of roughly 1,850 meters (6,070 feet) above sea level, contributing to a cooler climate compared to lower-lying regions. The surrounding landscape is characterized by undulating hills and valleys, typical of the Ethiopian highlands, with agricultural fields dominating the rural areas immediately adjacent to the urban footprint. This proximity to agricultural zones, particularly those utilizing traditional farming practices, can influence local air quality, especially during burning seasons. The urban–rural gradient transitions relatively quickly, with small villages and scattered settlements giving way to more extensive farmland. While Degeh Bur isn't directly adjacent to major rivers or lakes, seasonal streams and rainwater harvesting are crucial water sources, impacting local microclimates. The city’s location within a relatively isolated region means it isn't part of a major industrial belt; however, small-scale industries, including grain milling and local crafts, exist within the city limits. Topographically, the valley setting can sometimes trap pollutants, particularly during periods of low wind speed. The prevailing winds generally flow from the northeast, but local terrain can significantly alter these patterns, creating localized areas of stagnant air. The surrounding highlands act as a barrier, limiting the dispersal of pollutants and potentially exacerbating air quality challenges.

Degeh Bur experiences a distinct wet and dry season pattern, profoundly influencing its air quality. The dry season, typically spanning from October to May, often sees a noticeable increase in particulate matter. This is largely attributable to agricultural practices; farmers frequently employ controlled burns to clear fields for planting, releasing significant amounts of smoke and ash into the atmosphere. The cooler temperatures during these months can also lead to temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air (and pollutants) near the ground, hindering vertical dispersion. Dust storms, common in the broader Horn of Africa region, can also impact air quality during the dry season, carrying fine particulate matter over long distances. The wet season, from June to September, brings relief as rainfall washes away pollutants and increased precipitation helps to clear the air. However, periods of heavy fog, particularly in the mornings, can temporarily reduce visibility and trap moisture-laden pollutants. Wind patterns shift during the wet season, generally becoming more variable. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, limiting outdoor activities during peak burning periods and days with visible smoke. The months of January and February often experience the highest levels of particulate matter due to widespread agricultural burning. Conversely, July and August typically offer the best air quality, although fog can occasionally reduce visibility. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can be beneficial during periods of elevated pollution.