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Jodhpur, nestled in the state of Gujarat, India (coordinates 21.8800, 70.0300), presents a unique geographic context influencing its air quality. With a relatively small population of 25,892, the city is situated on the edge of the Thar Desert, characterized by arid and semi-arid landscapes. The terrain is generally flat to gently undulating, composed of sandy and rocky soils. This desert proximity significantly impacts air quality, as windblown dust is a major contributor to particulate matter pollution, particularly during pre-monsoon seasons. Jodhpur isn’t directly adjacent to large bodies of water, though seasonal rivers and drainage channels exist, often drying up during extended periods. The surrounding region features scattered agricultural lands, primarily rain-fed, and limited industrial activity concentrated around the city itself. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp; moving away from Jodhpur quickly transitions into sparsely populated desert areas. The city’s location within a rain shadow region contributes to low precipitation, exacerbating dust suspension. Local sandstone quarries and construction activities further contribute to particulate matter. The prevailing winds, often originating from the northwest, carry dust and pollutants across the city, impacting air circulation and dispersion.

Jodhpur’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Summer (March-June) brings scorching temperatures and strong winds, leading to increased dust storms and elevated particulate matter levels. This is a period to avoid strenuous outdoor activity, particularly for those with respiratory conditions. The monsoon season (July-September) offers temporary relief, as rainfall washes away pollutants and suppresses dust. However, increased humidity can also trap pollutants near the ground. October-November sees a gradual return to drier conditions, with moderate pollution levels. This is generally a more favourable time for outdoor activities. Winter (December-February) often experiences temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the surface, especially during calm weather conditions. Fog can also exacerbate pollution, reducing visibility and increasing respiratory irritation. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing lung or heart conditions – should limit outdoor exposure during winter mornings and evenings. The post-monsoon period can also see a spike in agricultural burning, contributing to localised smoke pollution. Monitoring wind patterns and avoiding peak pollution hours are crucial for maintaining health.