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Limbdi, a town nestled in the Surendranagar district of Gujarat, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the Thar Desert's periphery. Located at approximately 22.5685° N latitude and 71.7949° E longitude, its elevation of around 115 meters above sea level contributes to a relatively flat terrain characteristic of the region. The surrounding landscape is dominated by arid plains and sparsely vegetated scrubland, typical of the semi-arid climate. Limbdi’s proximity to the Rann of Kutch, a vast salt marsh, influences local weather patterns and contributes to dust events. The town sits within a predominantly agricultural zone, with cotton, groundnut, and pulses being key crops. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, introduces sources of air pollution through pesticide use and biomass burning during harvest seasons. The urban–rural gradient around Limbdi is gradual, with smaller villages and agricultural fields transitioning seamlessly into the town's built environment. Further east, the landscape begins to rise slightly, hinting at the foothills of the Aravalli Range. The lack of significant water bodies within immediate proximity, beyond occasional seasonal streams, exacerbates the dry conditions and contributes to dust suspension. Industrial activity, though not extensive, is present, primarily related to cotton processing and small-scale manufacturing, adding localized pollution sources. The prevailing winds, often originating from the west, carry pollutants from surrounding agricultural and industrial areas, impacting Limbdi's air quality.

Limbdi’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by the region’s climate. The dry, hot months of March to May present the most challenging period. High temperatures lead to increased evaporation and dust generation from the surrounding arid landscape, significantly impacting visibility and air quality. Temperature inversions, common during these months, trap pollutants near the ground, worsening conditions. The monsoon season, typically from June to September, brings a welcome respite. Rainfall washes away particulate matter and reduces dust levels, leading to a noticeable improvement in air quality. However, the monsoon also introduces humidity, which can exacerbate respiratory issues for some individuals. October and November mark a transitional period, with decreasing rainfall and gradually increasing temperatures. Agricultural burning after the harvest season contributes to elevated levels of smoke and particulate matter during this time. Winter months, December to February, are generally cooler but can still experience periods of poor air quality due to fog and stagnant air. Fog traps pollutants, reducing dispersion and increasing concentrations. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during the dry, hot months and periods of heavy fog. During the monsoon, while air quality improves, maintaining indoor ventilation is crucial to prevent dampness-related health problems. The agricultural cycle significantly influences air quality, making post-harvest periods particularly concerning.