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Pārdi, nestled in the Surendranagar district of Gujarat, India, occupies a geographically significant position within the Thar Desert's periphery. Located at approximately 20.52°N, 72.95°E, the city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the semi-arid landscape. The elevation is relatively low, averaging around 65 meters above sea level, contributing to a tendency for pollutants to accumulate, particularly during periods of atmospheric stability. Pārdi’s surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural fields – primarily cotton, groundnut, and pulses – interspersed with scrubland and sparsely vegetated desert patches. This agricultural activity, while vital to the local economy, introduces sources of particulate matter through crop residue burning, a common practice after harvest. The urban–rural gradient transitions rapidly, with the city acting as a regional trading hub for the surrounding agricultural communities. The proximity to the industrial belt of Ankleshwar, roughly 200 kilometers to the west, introduces a potential source of long-range transported pollutants. While Pārdi lacks direct access to major rivers or lakes, groundwater resources are crucial for irrigation and domestic use. The prevailing winds, generally from the west-southwest, can carry pollutants from industrial areas and agricultural regions, impacting local air quality. The flat topography and limited natural barriers exacerbate the effects of temperature inversions, a common occurrence during cooler months, trapping pollutants close to the ground. The city’s growth, driven by its role as a commercial center, is gradually increasing vehicular traffic, adding to localized pollution.

Pārdi’s air quality exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by the interplay of meteorological factors and regional activities. The pre-monsoon season (March-May) typically witnesses the poorest air quality. Rising temperatures and decreasing wind speeds create conditions conducive to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants emitted from agricultural burning and local sources. Dust storms, common during this period, significantly elevate particulate matter concentrations. The monsoon season (June-September) brings a welcome respite, with increased rainfall and stronger winds effectively flushing out pollutants. However, heavy rainfall can also lead to localized flooding and the release of pollutants from waterlogged areas. The post-monsoon season (October-November) sees a gradual return to drier conditions, with a resurgence of agricultural burning as farmers prepare fields for the winter crop. This period often experiences moderate pollution levels. Winter (December-February) is characterized by cooler temperatures and frequent fog, which further reduces wind speeds and traps pollutants near the ground. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the pre-monsoon and winter months, limiting outdoor activities during peak pollution episodes. Agricultural workers are particularly vulnerable and should utilize appropriate respiratory protection. Public health advisories are crucial during periods of elevated particulate matter, recommending reduced outdoor exertion and the use of air purifiers indoors. Monitoring of agricultural burning practices and promoting alternative residue management techniques are essential for mitigating seasonal pollution spikes.