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Dehlorān, nestled within the Īlām province of western Iran, occupies a geographically complex and historically significant position. Situated at approximately 32.6892° N, 47.2689° E, the city lies within a valley carved by the Dehlorān River, a tributary of the larger Dizful River system. The surrounding landscape is dominated by the Zagros Mountains, a formidable range that significantly influences the region's climate and air circulation patterns. Dehlorān’s elevation, averaging around 700 meters (2,300 feet) above sea level, contributes to cooler temperatures and, crucially, can exacerbate air quality issues through temperature inversions, particularly during the colder months. The urban character is a blend of traditional Iranian architecture and more modern developments, reflecting the city’s growth and adaptation. The immediate surroundings are a mix of agricultural land, primarily cultivating wheat, barley, and fruits, and scattered rural settlements. Further afield, the Zagros foothills transition into more rugged terrain. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural activities and livestock farming playing a vital role in the local economy. The proximity to the Dehlorān River provides a limited source of moisture, but the overall arid climate dictates a reliance on irrigation. While Dehlorān isn't directly adjacent to major industrial belts, its location within a region experiencing increasing agricultural intensification and sporadic industrial activity contributes to localized pollution sources, impacting air quality and requiring careful management.

Dehlorān’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by its climate and topography. Winters (roughly November to February) are typically the most challenging period. Cold air masses settling within the Zagros valleys frequently lead to temperature inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. Reduced wind speeds during these months further limit dispersion, resulting in stagnant air and increased concentrations of particulate matter and other emissions. Spring (March to May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and winds increase, dispersing pollutants more effectively. However, dust storms originating from the Mesopotamian plains can occasionally impact air quality during this transition period. Summers (June to September) are generally characterized by drier conditions and stronger winds, leading to better air quality. The increased evaporation and higher temperatures can, however, contribute to ozone formation under certain conditions. Autumn (October) sees a return to cooler temperatures and calmer winds, foreshadowing the challenges of the approaching winter. The agricultural practices prevalent in the surrounding areas, including burning of crop residues after harvest, can contribute to localized pollution episodes, particularly in late autumn. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter months, limiting outdoor activity during periods of visibly poor air quality. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can also be beneficial.