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Tilougguit, nestled within the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region of Morocco, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 32.0333° latitude and -6.2000° longitude. The city’s terrain is characterized by gently sloping hills and valleys, typical of the pre-Saharan landscape that defines much of central Morocco. Situated at an elevation of roughly 550 meters above sea level, Tilougguit benefits from a relatively mild climate, though its proximity to the High Atlas Mountains influences local weather patterns. The surrounding landscape is predominantly agricultural, with extensive olive groves and cereal fields dominating the rural areas. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, contributes to localized air quality concerns, particularly during harvesting and tilling seasons. The urban–rural gradient around Tilougguit is gradual, with small villages and agricultural settlements blending seamlessly into the city’s periphery. While not directly adjacent to a major river, the region draws water from underground aquifers and seasonal streams, impacting humidity levels and potentially influencing the dispersion of pollutants. There are no major industrial belts immediately surrounding Tilougguit; however, Béni Mellal, a larger urban center approximately 30 kilometers to the north, exerts an economic and logistical influence, potentially contributing to transboundary air pollution events. The valley setting, while providing fertile land, can also trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions, hindering their dispersal.

Tilougguit’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by Morocco’s Mediterranean climate. The dry season, spanning roughly from April to October, generally sees clearer skies and increased sunshine, but also heightened particulate matter concentrations. During the summer months (July-August), high temperatures and minimal rainfall create stable atmospheric conditions, frequently leading to temperature inversions. These inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, exacerbating air quality issues, particularly from agricultural activities like burning crop residue. Spring (April-May) and Autumn (September-October) offer more moderate temperatures and increased wind speeds, which help to disperse pollutants, resulting in improved air quality. The wet season, from November to March, brings cooler temperatures and occasional rainfall, which naturally washes pollutants from the atmosphere, providing a period of respite. However, periods of fog, common during the winter months, can trap moisture and pollutants, creating localized pockets of poor air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the summer months and periods of fog. Outdoor activities are generally more favorable during the spring and autumn, when wind patterns are more dynamic. Agricultural workers should be particularly mindful of dust and smoke exposure during harvest seasons, utilizing appropriate protective equipment. The combination of agricultural practices and meteorological conditions creates a dynamic air quality profile throughout the year in Tilougguit.