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Pozorrubio, Pangasinan, Philippines, occupies a strategically important position within the Central Luzon region, a landscape characterized by a gradual transition from coastal plains to rolling hills. Situated at approximately 16.12° N, 120.55° E, the municipality rests at an elevation of roughly 100-150 meters above sea level, influencing local weather patterns and air circulation. The surrounding terrain is predominantly agricultural, with vast rice paddies and interspersed farmlands dominating the vista. To the west lies the expansive Lingayen Gulf, a significant body of water impacting humidity and potential for sea breezes. Pozorrubio’s location places it within a moderate urban–rural gradient; while it retains a distinctly rural character, it benefits from proximity to larger urban centers like Dagupan City, approximately 30 kilometers to the north, and Urdaneta City. This proximity introduces a degree of industrial and vehicular influence, though Pozorrubio itself has limited heavy industry. The dominant land use is agriculture, with rice farming being the primary economic activity. This agricultural activity, particularly the burning of rice straw after harvest, contributes to localized particulate matter pollution. The prevailing winds, generally from the northeast during the cooler months and southwest during the warmer months, play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating pollutants, impacting air quality across the municipality. The relatively flat terrain can also exacerbate the effects of temperature inversions, trapping pollutants closer to the ground, especially during periods of calm weather.

Pozorrubio’s tropical climate dictates a wet and dry season cycle, profoundly influencing its air quality. The dry season, typically spanning November to May, often sees a gradual increase in particulate matter due to agricultural practices. Post-harvest burning of rice straw, a common practice to clear fields for the next planting season, is a significant contributor, particularly in February and March. Meteorological conditions during this period frequently involve calmer winds and occasional temperature inversions, especially during the early morning hours, which trap pollutants near the surface. The wet season, from June to October, brings relief as monsoon rains wash away accumulated pollutants, leading to improved air quality. However, periods of heavy rainfall can also lead to increased humidity and localized flooding, potentially releasing mold spores and other allergens into the air. Fog, though infrequent, can occur during the cooler months, further reducing visibility and trapping pollutants. During the transition months (May and November), wind patterns are often variable, leading to unpredictable air quality fluctuations. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly during periods of agricultural burning. Limiting outdoor activities during early morning hours when temperature inversions are most likely to occur is advisable. Maintaining indoor air quality through proper ventilation and air purification can also provide some protection. Awareness campaigns promoting sustainable agricultural practices, such as alternative rice straw management techniques, are crucial for mitigating pollution during the dry season.