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Przeworsk, nestled within the Podkarpackie Voivodeship of southeastern Poland, occupies a gently undulating landscape characteristic of the Sandomierz Basin. Situated at approximately 22.5°E and 50.07°N, the city’s elevation hovers around 200-250 meters above sea level, contributing to localized temperature inversions. The surrounding terrain is predominantly agricultural, dominated by arable farmland dedicated to cereal crops and rapeseed, with scattered patches of mixed woodland. The San River flows approximately 15km to the east, offering a limited moderating influence on local climate but not directly impacting the city’s core. Przeworsk isn’t located within a major industrial belt; however, smaller agricultural processing facilities and localized manufacturing contribute to emissions. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, transitioning quickly from the town’s built environment to open countryside. This proximity to agricultural land means seasonal burning of crop residue is a significant factor. The prevailing winds are generally westerly, carrying pollutants from more industrialized regions of Poland, but local wind patterns can trap emissions within the basin, particularly during stable atmospheric conditions. The city’s compact layout and reliance on solid fuel heating during colder months exacerbate air quality challenges, concentrating pollutants near residential areas.

Przeworsk experiences a continental climate, resulting in distinct seasonal air quality patterns. Winter (November to February) typically sees the poorest air quality, driven by increased reliance on coal and wood for heating, coupled with frequent temperature inversions that trap pollutants near ground level. Calm, cold conditions prevent dispersion, leading to elevated particulate matter concentrations. Spring (March to May) offers a gradual improvement as heating demand decreases, but agricultural burning begins, introducing temporary spikes in PM10 and PM2.5. Summer (June to August) generally boasts the cleanest air, aided by higher temperatures, increased wind speeds, and rainfall which helps to wash pollutants from the atmosphere. However, heatwaves can exacerbate ozone formation. Autumn (September to October) presents a transitional period; heating demand rises again, and agricultural activities continue, creating a mixed pollution profile. Fog is common in autumn and winter, further reducing visibility and trapping pollutants. Sensitive individuals – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and periods of agricultural burning. Monitoring local forecasts and avoiding peak pollution times is crucial for protecting health.