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Złotów, nestled within the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship of Poland, occupies a unique geographical position in the northern part of the country. The city is situated on the edge of the Drawa Lake District, a landscape characterised by glacial formations, numerous lakes, and gently rolling terrain. Its coordinates, 53.3603° N, 17.0408° E, place it within a transitional zone between the more intensely agricultural areas to the south and the forested regions closer to the Baltic coast. The terrain is relatively flat, with an elevation around 120 meters above sea level, influencing local wind patterns and pollutant dispersion. The Drawa River flows nearby, providing a potential pathway for moisture and influencing microclimates. Historically, Złotów developed as a forestry and agricultural centre, and while industry exists, it isn’t dominated by heavy manufacturing like some Polish cities. However, the surrounding agricultural lands contribute to seasonal particulate matter from farming activities. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with significant forested areas immediately bordering the city. This proximity to natural areas can offer some buffering capacity against pollution, but also means pollutants can be trapped during stable atmospheric conditions. The city’s location, while benefiting from natural beauty, requires careful consideration of air quality management due to its interplay of agricultural, forested, and urban influences.

Złotów’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern. Winter, from December to February, typically sees the poorest air quality. Low temperatures create temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground, and increased reliance on coal for heating contributes to particulate matter and sulfur dioxide concentrations. Calm wind conditions exacerbate this. Spring, March to May, brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases, but agricultural activities – ploughing and fertilizing – can elevate particulate matter levels. Summer, June to August, generally offers the cleanest air, with prevailing winds dispersing pollutants and higher temperatures promoting atmospheric mixing. However, heatwaves can sometimes lead to ozone formation. Autumn, September to November, is a transitional period. The return to heating, combined with damp conditions and fog, can lead to increased particulate matter and reduced visibility. October and November often experience stagnant air masses. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during winter and periods of fog. Monitoring pollen levels is also crucial in spring and summer. Avoiding peak heating hours in winter and staying informed about local air quality reports are recommended preventative measures.