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Sabinov, nestled within the Prešov Region of Slovakia, occupies a geographically significant position at approximately 49.1000° N, 21.1000° E. The town’s setting is characterized by a gently undulating terrain, part of the larger Carpathian Basin, transitioning from the foothills of the Beskydy Mountains to the east. Elevation averages around 230 meters above sea level, influencing local weather patterns and air circulation. Sabinov is surrounded by a predominantly agricultural landscape, with fields of grain and rapeseed dominating the immediate vicinity. Further afield, the forested slopes of the Beskydy range provide a natural buffer, though their impact on air quality is moderated by prevailing wind patterns. The town itself exhibits a compact urban form, largely shaped by its historical role as a market town. While not directly adjacent to a major river, several smaller streams and tributaries crisscross the area, contributing to local humidity and potentially affecting pollutant dispersion. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; the town quickly gives way to agricultural land and then to forested hills. Historically, the region experienced some light industrial activity, primarily related to food processing and timber, though this has diminished in recent decades. The proximity to larger industrial centers in Košice, approximately 60 kilometers to the southeast, means that Sabinov can occasionally experience transboundary pollution events, particularly during periods of atmospheric stagnation. The basin’s topography can trap pollutants, especially during temperature inversions, making local air quality sensitive to regional emissions.

Sabinov’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle driven by meteorological factors. Winter months (December-February) often present the greatest challenges. Cold temperatures lead to increased residential heating, primarily using wood or coal in older homes, contributing to particulate matter pollution. Furthermore, frequent temperature inversions trap pollutants close to the ground, exacerbating the problem. Fog, common during these months, further reduces air mixing and concentrates emissions. Spring (March-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise and heating demand decreases. However, agricultural activities, such as fertilizer application and field burning (though increasingly regulated), can temporarily elevate ammonia and particulate levels. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with warmer temperatures promoting atmospheric stability and frequent rainfall washing pollutants from the air. Prevailing winds from the Beskydy Mountains also help disperse emissions. Autumn (September-November) sees a return to more challenging conditions as temperatures cool and the agricultural season winds down. Stubble burning, if permitted, can significantly degrade air quality in localized areas. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during periods of stagnant air, particularly in winter and early spring. Increased ventilation in homes is recommended during these times, and consideration should be given to using air purifiers with HEPA filters. Awareness of regional air quality alerts, issued by Slovak environmental agencies, is crucial for informed decision-making regarding outdoor activities.