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Boosaaso, situated on the northern coast of Somalia in the Bari region, occupies a strategic position at the Gulf of Aden's edge, where the coordinates 11.2800°N, 49.1800°E place it within a semi-arid coastal plain. The city's geography is defined by its proximity to the Indian Ocean, with the coastline shaping its urban character as a bustling port city and regional trade hub. Elevation remains low, typically under 50 meters above sea level, contributing to a flat terrain that extends inland towards the rugged Golis Mountains to the south, creating a distinct urban-rural gradient. This location specifically affects air quality through the interplay of maritime influences and urban emissions; the sea breezes from the Gulf of Aden can disperse pollutants, but the city's dense urban core, with limited green spaces, traps contaminants from general urban sources like vehicle exhaust, waste burning, and port activities. Surrounding landscapes include sparse scrubland and occasional agricultural zones, though these are minimal, with the arid environment reducing natural filtration. The absence of major industrial belts means pollution stems primarily from localized urban activities, exacerbated by the city's rapid growth and population density, which intensify emissions in a confined coastal setting.

In Boosaaso, the seasonal air quality narrative is shaped by a tropical arid climate with distinct wet and dry periods, though specific AQI data is limited. During the dry season from December to March, cooler temperatures and persistent northeast monsoon winds from the Gulf of Aden generally improve air quality by dispersing pollutants, making this period favourable for outdoor activities, with minimal fog or temperature inversions. From April to June, as temperatures rise, reduced wind speeds and increased dust from arid landscapes can lead to higher pollution levels, particularly in May, when sensitive groups like children and the elderly should limit prolonged exposure. The wet season from July to September brings sporadic rainfall that temporarily clears the air, but humidity and occasional stagnant conditions may trap pollutants, requiring caution during peak heat. October and November see a transition back to drier conditions, with variable winds that can either alleviate or exacerbate pollution, depending on urban activity spikes. Throughout the year, health guidance emphasizes staying indoors during midday heat and dust events, using masks in crowded areas, and monitoring local advisories, as weather hazards are minimal but urban emissions persist.