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Tömük, a small settlement nestled within the Mersin Province of Turkey, occupies a geographically significant position along the Mediterranean coast. Located at approximately 36.67° N, 34.38° E, its coordinates place it within the Çukurova plain, a fertile and historically vital agricultural region. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the plain, with gentle slopes leading down to the Mediterranean Sea approximately 5 kilometers to the south. This proximity to the sea introduces a moderating influence on the local climate, but also presents potential challenges regarding coastal breezes carrying pollutants inland. Tömük’s surrounding landscape is dominated by intensive agricultural land – primarily citrus groves, cotton fields, and vegetable farms – which, while economically important, can contribute to localized air pollution through pesticide use and dust generation from tilling. Further inland, the Taurus Mountains rise, creating a barrier that can trap air masses and influence regional weather patterns. The urban–rural gradient around Tömük is relatively sharp; the city itself is small, transitioning quickly to agricultural fields and then to more rugged terrain as one moves away. The broader Çukurova region is also home to industrial zones, particularly around the larger city of Mersin, and the prevailing winds can occasionally transport industrial emissions towards Tömük. The elevation of Tömük itself is quite low, around 15 meters above sea level, further exacerbating the potential for ground-level ozone formation and trapping of pollutants.

Tömük’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by the Mediterranean climate. Summers (June-August) are typically hot and dry, with prolonged periods of sunshine and minimal rainfall. This leads to increased photochemical smog formation, as high temperatures and abundant sunlight drive reactions between pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Stagnant air conditions are also more frequent during these months, hindering pollutant dispersion. Agricultural activities, including irrigation and harvesting, can contribute to particulate matter levels. Autumn (September-November) brings a slight improvement as temperatures cool and rainfall increases, helping to wash away some pollutants. However, agricultural burning, a common practice in the region to clear fields, can significantly degrade air quality during this period. Winters (December-February) are generally the most favourable time for outdoor activities, with cooler temperatures, increased rainfall, and more frequent wind events that help to disperse pollutants. Fog, however, can occasionally form, trapping pollutants near the ground. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual warming trend and a resurgence of agricultural activity, leading to fluctuating air quality. Dust storms originating from the arid regions further east can also impact Tömük during spring. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the summer months and be mindful of potential agricultural burning in autumn. Staying indoors during peak pollution episodes and avoiding strenuous outdoor activity is advisable during these periods.