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Perevalsk, nestled within the Luhanska Oblast of eastern Ukraine, occupies a geographically significant position within the Donets Basin, a region historically defined by its coal mining and industrial heritage. Located at approximately 48.43° N, 38.82° E, the city sits on a gently sloping plateau, part of the larger East European Plain, at an elevation of around 180 meters above sea level. This relatively low elevation, combined with the surrounding topography, can contribute to localized air quality challenges. The landscape immediately surrounding Perevalsk is a mix of agricultural fields – predominantly wheat and sunflower cultivation – and remnants of industrial zones, a legacy of the region’s past. To the west, the terrain gradually rises, transitioning into more undulating hills. While Perevalsk itself lacks immediate proximity to major rivers or lakes, it draws water from smaller tributaries feeding into the Donets River, which flows eastward. The urban fabric of Perevalsk is characterized by a Soviet-era planned layout, with wide avenues and block-style apartment buildings, typical of many settlements in the region. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with agricultural land quickly encroaching upon the city limits. Historically, the presence of coal mines and related processing facilities has significantly shaped the local environment, and while many have been scaled back, their impact on soil and potential for fugitive emissions remains a factor. The prevailing winds, generally from the northwest, can transport pollutants across the region, influencing air quality in Perevalsk and surrounding communities. The Donets Basin's geology, with its coal seams and associated geological disturbances, can also contribute to naturally occurring radon emissions.

Perevalsk’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological conditions and regional activities. Winters, spanning roughly November to March, are often characterized by prolonged periods of temperature inversion, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground. This phenomenon significantly exacerbates air pollution, as emissions from residential heating (primarily coal and wood) and any remaining industrial activity become concentrated near the surface. Fog, common during these months, further reduces dispersion, trapping pollutants and diminishing visibility. Spring (April-May) brings a gradual improvement as temperatures rise, and wind speeds increase, aiding in the dispersal of pollutants. Agricultural activities, such as fertilizer application, can introduce ammonia into the air, though typically at a localized scale. Summer (June-August) generally sees the best air quality, with consistent winds and higher temperatures promoting good ventilation. However, occasional heatwaves can lead to stagnant air conditions. Autumn (September-October) marks a transition period, with decreasing temperatures and increasing humidity. Agricultural burning, a traditional practice in the region, can contribute to elevated particulate matter levels during this time. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during winter months, limiting outdoor exposure and avoiding strenuous activity on days with poor visibility. During the agricultural burning season in autumn, minimizing time spent outdoors near fields is advisable. The interplay of these seasonal factors dictates the overall air quality profile of Perevalsk, demanding adaptive strategies for public health and environmental management.