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Polohy, situated in the Zaporizka Oblast of Ukraine, occupies a geographically significant position within the southeastern plains of the country. Located at approximately 47.48°N, 36.25°E, the city’s terrain is predominantly flat, characteristic of the Pontic-Caspian Steppe. This expansive, low-lying landscape contributes to a relatively uniform wind pattern, which can both disperse and concentrate pollutants depending on prevailing weather conditions. The surrounding area is largely agricultural, with extensive fields of wheat, barley, and sunflowers dominating the rural landscape. This agricultural activity, while vital to the regional economy, introduces potential sources of particulate matter through tilling, harvesting, and the use of fertilizers. Polohy lies approximately 130 kilometers west of the Sea of Azov, a large, shallow body of water that influences local humidity and temperature, and can occasionally contribute to coastal fog events. While not directly adjacent to major industrial centers, Polohy sits within a broader region experiencing some industrial activity, particularly related to agriculture processing and transportation. The urban–rural gradient around Polohy is gradual, with small villages and agricultural land seamlessly blending into the city's periphery. The flat topography and limited natural barriers mean that pollutants released within the city or from nearby agricultural operations can spread relatively easily, impacting air quality across a wider area. Elevation is minimal, averaging around 115 meters above sea level, further exacerbating the potential for ground-level pollutant accumulation.

Polohy’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by its climate and agricultural practices. Spring (March-May) often sees elevated particulate matter levels due to the resumption of agricultural activities – plowing, seeding, and fertilizer application release dust and other particles into the atmosphere. Warm, calm conditions during this period can lead to temporary inversions, trapping pollutants close to the ground. Summer (June-August) generally brings improved air quality, with higher temperatures and more frequent winds dispersing pollutants. However, periods of intense heat can exacerbate ozone formation, a secondary pollutant. Autumn (September-November) presents a mixed picture. Harvesting continues, contributing to particulate pollution, while cooler temperatures and increased humidity can lead to fog, which traps pollutants and reduces visibility. Winter (December-February) is often the most challenging period. Cold temperatures and frequent temperature inversions, particularly during clear, calm nights, lead to significant pollutant accumulation. The lack of strong winds during this season further compounds the problem. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during periods of fog or temperature inversions, especially in the mornings. Agricultural workers should utilize appropriate protective equipment during field operations. Public awareness campaigns regarding responsible agricultural practices and minimizing vehicle emissions are crucial throughout the year, but particularly during the colder months when air quality is most vulnerable.