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Radomyshl, nestled within the Zhytomyrska Oblast of Ukraine, occupies a geographically significant position in the north-central part of the country. Located at approximately 50.49°N, 29.23°E, the town sits on gently rolling terrain, part of the broader Polesian Lowland, characterized by its flat, marshy landscapes and rich, dark soils. The elevation is relatively low, averaging around 180 meters above sea level, contributing to a tendency for air stagnation under certain meteorological conditions. Radomyshl is situated near the Trostyanets River, a tributary of the Sluch River, which influences local humidity and can impact the dispersion of pollutants. The surrounding landscape is a mosaic of agricultural fields – predominantly grain and sugar beet cultivation – interspersed with patches of deciduous forest, typical of the Ukrainian Polissya. This agricultural activity, particularly during harvest seasons, introduces particulate matter and ammonia into the air. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp; Radomyshl itself is a small town, and the transition to agricultural land is immediate. Historically, the area has seen some light industrial development, including food processing and woodworking, which contribute localized pollution sources. The town’s position, while benefiting from fertile land, also means it’s susceptible to pollutants transported from larger industrial zones further west and northwest, carried by prevailing winds. The flat topography limits natural ventilation, potentially trapping pollutants during periods of calm weather, especially in autumn and winter.

Radomyshl’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle heavily influenced by meteorological patterns. Spring (March-May) typically sees improved air quality as temperatures rise, and winds increase, dispersing accumulated pollutants. However, agricultural activities, such as fertilizer application, can introduce ammonia and particulate matter. Summer (June-August) generally offers the best air quality, with consistent winds and higher temperatures promoting good ventilation. Occasional heatwaves can, however, lead to stagnant air and elevated ozone levels. Autumn (September-November) presents the most challenging period. As temperatures drop, a greater frequency of temperature inversions occurs, trapping pollutants near the ground. Agricultural burning, a traditional practice in the region, significantly contributes to particulate matter pollution during this time. Fog, common in autumn, exacerbates the problem by reducing visibility and hindering pollutant dispersion. Winter (December-February) is characterized by cold temperatures, frequent fog, and often, calm conditions. These factors combine to create prolonged periods of poor air quality, with increased concentrations of particulate matter and other pollutants. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during autumn and winter mornings, particularly when fog is present. During the warmer months, while generally better, prolonged exposure during heatwaves should be avoided, especially during peak sunlight hours when ozone levels may rise. Maintaining indoor air quality through ventilation and air purification can offer some protection during periods of elevated pollution.