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Chimboy Shahri, nestled within the autonomous republic of Qoraqalpog‘iston in Uzbekistan, occupies a unique geographic position in the Aral Sea Basin. Located at coordinates 42.9295°N, 59.7820°E, the city sits approximately 180 meters above sea level, on relatively flat terrain characteristic of the Kyzylkum Desert’s periphery. This proximity to the shrinking Aral Sea, once the fourth largest lake globally, is a defining feature, though the sea itself is now significantly distant, impacting regional dust storms. The surrounding landscape is dominated by arid and semi-arid plains, with sparse vegetation. Chimboy Shahri functions as a regional centre for a largely agricultural area, primarily cotton cultivation, which historically relied heavily on irrigation from the Amu Darya river. This agricultural activity, alongside smaller-scale industrial operations related to processing agricultural products, contributes to localised pollution sources. The urban-rural gradient is pronounced; the city represents a concentrated population centre amidst a vast, sparsely populated region. The prevailing winds, often originating from the northwest, carry dust and salt particles from the exposed Aral Sea bed, exacerbating particulate matter concentrations. The city’s location within a continental climate zone, far from moderating oceanic influences, further influences air quality dynamics.

Air quality in Chimboy Shahri exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern. Spring (March-May) sees a rise in particulate matter as agricultural activities intensify, including land preparation and potential burning of crop residue. Winds pick up, carrying dust from the dried Aral Sea bed, further degrading air quality. Summer (June-August) brings intense heat and stable atmospheric conditions, often leading to temperature inversions that trap pollutants near the ground. While rainfall is minimal, occasional dust storms can dramatically worsen conditions. Autumn (September-November) is generally the most favourable period, with decreasing temperatures and some wind dispersal of pollutants, though dust from harvesting remains a concern. Winter (December-February) experiences the coldest temperatures and often calm conditions, increasing the concentration of pollutants from domestic heating sources – primarily coal and wood burning. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions, should limit outdoor activity during spring and winter. Months to avoid prolonged outdoor exposure are April and January. The lack of consistent meteorological data makes precise forecasting difficult, but awareness of these seasonal trends is crucial for protecting public health. Localised emissions from industry and agriculture are consistently present, but meteorological factors dictate their dispersion.