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Kegeyli Shahar, nestled within the Qoraqalpog‘iston region of Uzbekistan, occupies a geographically significant position at 42.7767° N, 59.6078° E. The city’s setting is characterized by a gently undulating terrain, part of the broader Amudarya basin, a vast alluvial plain formed by the Amudarya River. This river, historically a vital artery of the region, now faces challenges related to water diversion and salinization, impacting the surrounding agricultural landscape. Kegeyli Shahar itself is relatively low-lying, with an elevation of approximately 17 meters above sea level, contributing to potential stagnation of air pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The urban fabric is small, a compact settlement surrounded by extensive cotton fields – a dominant feature of the Qoraqalpog‘iston economy. This proximity to intensive agricultural practices introduces localized sources of air pollution, primarily from pesticide application and fertilizer use, alongside dust generated from tilling and harvesting. The urban–rural gradient is sharp; the city transitions quickly into agricultural land, with scattered rural settlements beyond. The Amudarya River, though receding in some areas, still exerts a moderating influence on the local climate, providing some humidity, but also potentially trapping pollutants during periods of calm weather. The absence of significant topographic barriers further exacerbates the potential for pollutants to accumulate, particularly during temperature inversions common in the region’s continental climate. The surrounding landscape is predominantly flat, arid, and sparsely vegetated, limiting natural air purification processes.

Kegeyli Shahar’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by its continental climate and agricultural practices. Spring (March-May) often sees elevated dust levels due to the commencement of cotton planting and associated soil disturbance. Wind patterns, shifting after the winter, can stir up fine particles across the vast agricultural plains, impacting the city. Summer (June-August) brings intense heat, often accompanied by periods of stagnant air, particularly during the hottest months. Temperature inversions, where a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, are common, preventing pollutants from dispersing vertically. Agricultural activities continue, contributing to localized emissions. Autumn (September-November) is arguably the most challenging period. Harvesting intensifies, generating significant dust, and the use of agricultural machinery increases. Cooler temperatures can lead to fog formation, further trapping pollutants close to the ground. Winter (December-February) typically offers a slight respite, with colder temperatures sometimes promoting atmospheric mixing and dispersion, although periods of calm weather and fog can still lead to localized pollution episodes. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during spring and autumn, limiting outdoor exposure during peak dust events and periods of fog. During the hot summer months, staying indoors during the hottest part of the day and ensuring adequate ventilation are advisable. Maintaining awareness of local weather conditions and agricultural activity levels is crucial for informed decision-making regarding outdoor activities.