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Hassi Maameche, nestled within the Mostaganem State of Algeria, occupies a geographically significant position on the Mediterranean coast, approximately 50 kilometers southwest of the state capital. Its coordinates (35.8611, 0.7250) place it within a gently sloping coastal plain, transitioning gradually to the Tell Atlas mountains to the north. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, facilitating urban expansion, but also contributing to potential air quality challenges due to limited natural dispersion mechanisms. The surrounding landscape is a mix of agricultural land, primarily dedicated to olive groves and cereal cultivation, and scrubland characteristic of the Algerian Mediterranean biome. The proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, while offering a moderate maritime influence, can also introduce saline aerosols and influence local weather patterns. Hassi Maameche’s location is strategically important, serving as a link between coastal communities and inland regions. While not directly adjacent to major industrial zones, it lies within a broader region experiencing some industrial activity, including oil and gas processing facilities further inland, and port operations in nearby Mostaganem. The urban–rural gradient is relatively sharp, with the city quickly giving way to agricultural areas and, further afield, the rugged terrain of the Atlas foothills. This gradient influences local wind patterns and the transport of pollutants, potentially trapping them under certain meteorological conditions. The relatively low elevation (around 20 meters above sea level) means that temperature inversions, common in coastal areas, can exacerbate air quality issues by preventing vertical mixing of pollutants.

Hassi Maameche’s air quality experiences a distinct seasonal cycle dictated by its Mediterranean climate. The dry summer months (June-August) typically see the poorest air quality. Intense solar radiation promotes photochemical smog formation, as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicles and agricultural activities react with nitrogen oxides. Calm winds during this period, coupled with frequent temperature inversions – where a layer of warm air sits above cooler air near the ground – trap pollutants close to the surface. Dust storms, originating from the Sahara, can also significantly degrade air quality during these months, carrying particulate matter over long distances. Autumn (September-November) brings a gradual improvement as winds increase and temperatures decrease, dispersing pollutants more effectively. Winter (December-February) generally offers the best air quality, with more frequent rainfall washing pollutants from the atmosphere and stronger winds aiding dispersion. However, periods of fog, particularly in December and January, can temporarily reduce visibility and trap pollutants near ground level. Spring (March-May) sees a gradual return to poorer air quality as temperatures rise and photochemical reactions become more active. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the summer months, limiting outdoor activity during peak sunlight hours and monitoring local air quality reports. Agricultural burning, a common practice in the surrounding areas, can also contribute to localized pollution spikes, particularly during the transition seasons. Maintaining vehicle maintenance and reducing unnecessary idling can contribute to improved air quality throughout the year.