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Mazagran, a coastal town nestled within the Mostaganem province of Algeria, occupies a unique geographic position that significantly influences its air quality. Situated at coordinates 35.9019° N, 0.7269° E, the town lies on a relatively flat coastal plain, just inland from the Mediterranean Sea. This proximity to the sea introduces a maritime influence, generally moderating temperatures and providing a degree of natural ventilation. However, it also means Mazagran is susceptible to sea salt aerosol deposition, which can contribute to particulate matter in the air, though typically not as a primary pollutant. The surrounding landscape is characterized by a gradual transition from the coastal plain to gently rolling hills and, further inland, the Sahara Desert. This urban–rural gradient is important; agricultural activity in the surrounding areas, particularly during planting and harvesting seasons, can contribute to dust and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) transported by prevailing winds. While Mazagran itself is a relatively small town with a population of approximately 15,120, it benefits from its location within the larger Mostaganem region, which includes industrial zones and port facilities. These industrial activities, though not directly within Mazagran, can impact air quality through long-range transport of pollutants. The elevation is low, averaging around 10 meters above sea level, minimizing the potential for significant vertical mixing and potentially trapping pollutants closer to ground level. The terrain’s flatness also limits natural dispersion, making the town somewhat vulnerable to localized pollution events.

Mazagran’s air quality exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its Mediterranean climate. The dry season, spanning roughly from April to October, is characterized by high temperatures and reduced precipitation. This period often sees increased dust intrusion from the Sahara Desert, particularly during the spring months (April-May) when strong, hot winds, known as Chergui, blow across the region. These winds carry significant amounts of sand and dust, impacting visibility and respiratory health. Summer (June-August) brings intense heat, which can exacerbate ozone formation due to increased solar radiation and stagnant air conditions. Temperature inversions, common during clear, calm nights, can trap pollutants near the ground, leading to localized air quality degradation. The wet season, from November to March, brings cooler temperatures and increased rainfall. Rainfall acts as a natural scrubber, removing particulate matter from the atmosphere and generally improving air quality. However, periods of heavy rainfall can also lead to increased humidity and the release of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from vegetation. Fog, particularly in the cooler months, can also trap pollutants, creating localized air quality concerns. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the spring and summer months, limiting outdoor activity during peak dust and ozone periods. The shoulder seasons (March and November) typically offer the most favourable conditions for outdoor activities, with moderate temperatures and reduced pollutant concentrations.