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Oued el Kheïr, nestled within the Mostaganem Province of Algeria, presents a fascinating case study in coastal urban geography. Situated at coordinates 35.9503°N, 0.3808°E, the city’s location is defined by its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, approximately 15 kilometers distant. The terrain is gently undulating, transitioning from the coastal plains inland towards the Tell Atlas mountains, creating a microclimate influenced by both maritime and continental air masses. With a population of 17,359, Oued el Kheïr is a relatively small urban centre, exhibiting a distinct urban-rural gradient as it fringes agricultural lands dedicated to cereal crops and olive groves. The surrounding landscape is characterised by fertile valleys and rolling hills. While not a major industrial hub itself, Oued el Kheïr’s air quality is potentially impacted by regional industrial activity concentrated further east along the coast, particularly around Oran and Mostaganem city. Prevailing winds, generally from the west, can transport pollutants inland. The city’s relatively low elevation minimizes temperature inversions, but they can still occur during stable atmospheric conditions. The coastal influence moderates temperatures, but also contributes to higher humidity levels, potentially affecting pollutant dispersion. Understanding this interplay of geographical factors is crucial for assessing and mitigating air quality challenges in Oued el Kheïr.

Air quality in Oued el Kheïr follows a distinct seasonal pattern, largely dictated by meteorological conditions and agricultural practices. Summer (June-August) often sees a slight deterioration in air quality due to increased temperatures promoting photochemical smog formation, and potential dust blown from inland agricultural areas during harvest. However, consistent sea breezes generally provide some dispersion. Autumn (September-November) brings a period of improved air quality as temperatures cool and rainfall increases, washing away particulate matter. This is typically the most favourable period for outdoor activity. Winter (December-February) can experience stagnant air masses and temperature inversions, trapping pollutants near the ground, particularly from domestic heating sources using wood or other biomass. Fog, common along the coast, can exacerbate this effect. Spring (March-May) is a transitional period, with fluctuating conditions. The *chergui*, a hot, dry, and dusty wind originating in the Sahara, can significantly degrade air quality during this season, bringing high levels of particulate matter. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during *chergui* events and periods of stagnant winter air. Monitoring wind direction and local weather forecasts is essential for proactive health management.