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Atomé-Avégamé, nestled within the Couffo Prefecture of Benin, occupies a geographically significant position in the country’s north-western region. Located at approximately 7.2333° latitude and 1.6500° longitude, the city’s terrain is characterized by undulating hills and valleys, typical of the wooded savannas that define this part of Benin. The elevation varies, contributing to localized microclimates and influencing air circulation patterns. Atomé-Avégamé sits within a transitional zone, bordering both forested areas and agricultural lands, creating a distinct urban-rural gradient. The surrounding landscape is dominated by dense tropical forests interspersed with small-scale cocoa and coffee farms, a crucial economic driver for the region. While not directly adjacent to major rivers, the area receives sufficient rainfall to support these agricultural activities and maintain a relatively humid environment. The city’s proximity to larger towns like Lokossa and Savé influences its connectivity and potential exposure to pollutants originating from those areas. The urban character of Atomé-Avégamé is relatively modest, primarily consisting of residential areas and small commercial establishments. The lack of significant heavy industry within the immediate vicinity is a mitigating factor for air quality, although agricultural burning practices during land preparation and post-harvest periods can contribute to localized pollution events. The prevailing winds, often influenced by the topography, play a crucial role in dispersing or concentrating pollutants, impacting air quality across different parts of the city.

The air quality in Atomé-Avégamé is intrinsically linked to Benin’s tropical climate, exhibiting a distinct wet and dry season cycle. The dry season, typically spanning from November to March, often sees a gradual increase in particulate matter. This is largely attributable to agricultural practices; farmers frequently employ controlled burns to clear land for planting and to manage crop residue. These burns, while essential for agricultural productivity, release significant quantities of smoke and particulate matter into the atmosphere. The relatively stable atmospheric conditions during this period, sometimes characterized by temperature inversions trapping pollutants near the ground, exacerbate the issue. Conversely, the wet season (April to October) brings relief as frequent rainfall effectively washes away particulate matter and dilutes gaseous pollutants. The increased humidity also tends to suppress dust generation. During the peak of the rainy season, particularly in July and August, air quality generally improves significantly. However, periods of prolonged fog, common during the transition months (March/April and October/November), can temporarily trap pollutants, leading to localized reductions in visibility and potential respiratory irritation. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly when agricultural burning is prevalent. Limiting outdoor exertion during periods of smoky haze and ensuring adequate ventilation indoors are advisable preventative measures. The intensity of rainfall and wind patterns directly influence the dispersion of pollutants, making the wet season generally more favourable for outdoor activities.