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Ayomi, a small city nestled within the Couffo Department of Benin, occupies a relatively flat coastal plain at approximately 6.7833°N, 1.7167°E. Its location is intrinsically linked to the Atlantic Ocean, lying a few kilometers inland from the coastline. The surrounding landscape is dominated by a mix of coastal vegetation, including mangrove swamps closer to the shore, transitioning into savanna grasslands and agricultural lands further inland. The terrain is generally low-lying, with minimal elevation changes, influencing air dispersion patterns. Ayomi’s position within a predominantly agricultural region – Couffo is known for its cotton and cashew production – means seasonal burning of agricultural residue is a significant factor. While not a major industrial hub itself, Ayomi serves as a market town for surrounding agricultural communities, experiencing increased traffic from transport of goods. The urban-rural gradient is quite sharp; the city centre is densely populated, while the periphery quickly dissolves into farmland. This proximity to agricultural practices, combined with limited infrastructure for waste management and potential dust from unpaved roads, contributes to localised air quality challenges. The prevailing winds, generally from the Gulf of Guinea, can transport pollutants both onshore and inland, impacting air quality in Ayomi and surrounding areas.

Ayomi experiences a tropical climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons, profoundly influencing air quality. The dry season, typically from November to March, sees a significant increase in particulate matter. This is largely due to the widespread practice of burning agricultural waste after the harvest, coupled with dust kicked up by increased vehicle traffic on unpaved roads and drier conditions. Harmattan winds, originating from the Sahara, can also transport dust plumes, further exacerbating particulate pollution. February and March are generally the months with the poorest air quality. The transition to the wet season, April to May, brings a temporary improvement as rainfall washes away pollutants. However, increased humidity can also foster mold growth, potentially impacting respiratory health. The wet season, June to October, generally offers the best air quality, with frequent rainfall effectively cleansing the atmosphere. However, stagnant air during periods of reduced rainfall within the wet season can lead to localised build-up of pollutants. Individuals with respiratory conditions should be particularly cautious during the dry season and monitor their health closely. Avoiding strenuous outdoor activity during peak pollution periods is advisable.