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Godohou, nestled within the Couffo Prefecture of Benin, occupies a geographically significant position in the country’s north-western region. Located at approximately 7.0333° latitude and 1.7833° longitude, the town sits within a transitional zone between the forested highlands and the drier savanna landscapes that characterize much of northern Benin. The terrain is gently undulating, with elevations rarely exceeding 300 meters above sea level. This relatively low elevation, combined with the surrounding dense tropical forests, influences local air circulation patterns. The town’s proximity to the Pendjari National Park, a vital biodiversity hotspot, means that prevailing winds often carry moisture and organic compounds from the forest, impacting background air quality. While Godohou itself is a small, primarily rural settlement, it lies within a gradually expanding urban–rural gradient. Agricultural activities, particularly cocoa and coffee farming, are dominant in the surrounding areas, and the burning of agricultural waste after harvest can contribute to localized pollution events. There are no major industrial belts immediately adjacent to Godohou; however, the town’s role as a market center for surrounding agricultural communities means that transportation-related emissions, particularly from motorcycles and older vehicles, are a factor. The surrounding landscape is predominantly characterized by smallholder farms interspersed with patches of dense forest, creating a complex microclimate that can trap pollutants under certain meteorological conditions. The lack of significant water bodies nearby limits the natural cleansing effect of precipitation and humidity on the air.

Godohou experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, profoundly impacting its air quality profile. The dry season, typically spanning from November to March, is characterized by lower humidity and increased sunshine hours. Unfortunately, this period often sees a rise in particulate matter due to agricultural practices. Farmers frequently burn crop residues to clear fields, releasing significant amounts of smoke and soot into the atmosphere. The lack of rainfall during this time means these pollutants linger, particularly when light winds prevail, creating stagnant air conditions. Temperature inversions, where cooler air is trapped beneath a layer of warmer air, can also occur, further exacerbating the problem by preventing vertical mixing and trapping pollutants near ground level. The wet season, from April to October, brings frequent rainfall and higher humidity, naturally cleansing the air and reducing particulate concentrations. However, heavy downpours can occasionally stir up dust and soil, leading to temporary spikes in particulate matter. Fog, a relatively infrequent occurrence, can also trap pollutants during the transitional months. Sensitive groups, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the dry season, particularly in the months of December and January, and avoid prolonged outdoor activity when smoke from agricultural burning is prevalent. During the wet season, while generally cleaner, periods of intense rainfall and subsequent dust storms warrant similar precautions.