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Sokouhoué, a town nestled within the Couffo department of Benin, presents a fascinating case study in urban geography and air quality. Located at coordinates 6.9000, 1.6667, the town’s relatively small population of approximately 11,998 is concentrated in a low-lying area, typical of the coastal plains of southern Benin. The terrain is generally flat, characterized by a sedimentary basin influenced by the outflow of several streams and rivers that drain towards the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 20km to the south. Sokouhoué’s position within this landscape significantly impacts its air quality. The surrounding area is predominantly agricultural, with extensive cultivation of crops like maize, cassava, and vegetables. This agricultural activity contributes to particulate matter through tilling, harvesting, and the burning of agricultural residue, particularly during the dry season. While not a major industrial hub itself, Sokouhoué’s proximity to larger towns like Porto-Novo and Cotonou means it experiences some degree of regional pollution transport. The urban-rural gradient is relatively sharp, with a rapid transition from densely populated areas to agricultural land. The prevailing winds, generally from the Gulf of Guinea, can carry both marine aerosols and pollutants inland, influencing local air composition. The lack of significant elevation means limited atmospheric dispersion, potentially trapping pollutants near ground level.

Sokouhoué experiences a tropical climate defined by distinct wet and dry seasons, profoundly influencing air quality. The wet season, typically spanning April to October, brings relief from particulate matter as rainfall effectively washes pollutants from the atmosphere. However, high humidity can foster mold growth, impacting respiratory health. November to March constitutes the dry season, marked by the Harmattan wind – a dry, dusty trade wind originating from the Sahara. This wind dramatically increases particulate matter concentrations, particularly PM10, making these months the most challenging for air quality. January and February are often the worst periods. Temperature inversions, common during the cooler, drier nights, exacerbate pollution by trapping pollutants near the ground. The transition months of March and April see a mix of conditions, with increasing temperatures and sporadic rainfall. Outdoor activity is generally more favourable during the wet season, but caution is advised due to increased humidity and potential for mold. Sensitive groups – children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions – should limit strenuous outdoor activity during the Harmattan season and consider using masks. Monitoring local weather patterns is crucial for informed decision-making regarding outdoor exposure.