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Nakhl-e Taqī, nestled in the Būshehr Province of Iran, occupies a geographically significant position on the Persian Gulf coast. Its coordinates (27.5003° N, 52.5822° E) place it within a subtropical arid climate zone, characterized by intense heat and limited precipitation. The city’s terrain is predominantly flat, typical of the coastal plains of southern Iran, with gentle undulations reflecting ancient alluvial deposits. This flatness, while facilitating urban development, contributes to air quality challenges as it limits natural dispersion of pollutants. Nakhl-e Taqī is surrounded by a landscape dominated by coastal sabkha (salt flats) and sparse desert vegetation, offering little in the way of natural air filtration. The proximity to the Persian Gulf introduces a maritime influence, moderating temperatures slightly but also introducing saline aerosols that can exacerbate respiratory issues. The urban–rural gradient transitions rapidly from the city’s built environment to agricultural lands, primarily focused on date palm cultivation and limited rain-fed farming. Further inland, the landscape rises gradually towards the Zagros Mountains, though this distance provides minimal impact on local air quality. While Nakhl-e Taqī itself lacks major heavy industries, its regional position within the Būshehr Province, which includes Bandar-e Būshehr, a significant port city, means it can be affected by industrial emissions transported by prevailing winds. The flat topography and limited vegetation amplify the impact of any such pollution events, creating a localized air quality vulnerability.

Nakhl-e Taqī’s air quality follows a distinct seasonal pattern dictated by its subtropical climate. The hot, dry summers (May to September) are typically characterized by stagnant air conditions and elevated particulate matter. Intense solar radiation and high temperatures contribute to photochemical smog formation, while the lack of rainfall prevents natural cleansing of the atmosphere. Temperature inversions, common during these months, trap pollutants near the ground, worsening air quality. The monsoon season, arriving in late summer, brings brief periods of relief as winds disperse accumulated pollutants, but also introduces dust storms originating from the Arabian Peninsula, significantly increasing particulate concentrations. Autumn (October-November) sees a gradual improvement as temperatures decrease and wind patterns become more variable. Winter (December-February) is generally the most favourable period for air quality, with cooler temperatures and occasional rainfall helping to clear the atmosphere. However, fog events, particularly in December and January, can trap pollutants and reduce visibility. Spring (March-April) marks a transition period, with increasing temperatures and a return to drier conditions, leading to a gradual decline in air quality. Sensitive groups, including children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions, should exercise caution during the summer months and be aware of potential dust storm events. Outdoor activities are best planned for the cooler months, particularly during periods of rainfall or when winds are strong and consistent.